| 王永刚,段晋,郎学聪,支元栋,李红星,刘汉斌.山西大同煤矿区冲击地压灾害分析与防治建议[J].矿产勘查,2020,11(11):2567-2572 |
| 山西大同煤矿区冲击地压灾害分析与防治建议 |
| Countermeasures of rock burst disasters in the Datong coal mining area, Shanxi Province |
| 投稿时间：2020-05-19 |
| DOI： |
| 中文关键词: 煤矿 冲击地压 防治建议 大同 山西 |
| 英文关键词: coal mine, rock burst, countermeasures, Datong, Shanxi Province |
| 基金项目: |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 煤矿冲击地压是煤矿井巷或工作面周围煤岩体剧烈释放煤岩体造成巷道挤压、破坏、冒顶的一种动力现象。近年来随着煤矿开采强度、深度不断增加,已成为中国煤矿安全生产的重大灾害之一。山西是中国重要煤产地,采煤历史悠久,矿井数量众多。山西最早冲击地压事故出现20世纪60年代的大同侏罗系矿区,2004年以来随着煤矿开采深度的增加,冲击地压对煤矿安全生产影响愈加突出。通过对山西大同矿区煤矿冲击地压的分类和扰动因素的分析以及防治和监测预警方式的分析,发现大同矿区已发生煤矿冲击地压事故主要为浅部冲击地压,发生冲击地压的岩体主要是煤体、顶板和底板, 其中以坚硬顶板型和煤柱型冲击地压为主；煤矿冲击地压的自然扰动因素主要是顶板冲击倾向性和煤体冲击倾向性,此外地应力环境和矿井地质构造也是影响煤矿冲击地压的两个重要因素。煤柱集中载荷和不合理的支护方式是大同矿区煤矿冲击地压事故的两个重要人为扰动因素。大同矿区应优化开采和掘进方式,从井田和矿区层面上尽可能减少和避免冲击地压的发生。此外,应重视对地应力和冲击地压发生机理的研究。建议对山西全省400 m以深矿井冲击倾向性进行全面的“体检”和筛查,从区域上对煤矿冲击地压发生进行预测预警。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The impact pressure of coal mine is a kind of power phenomenon that causes the crushing, destruction and roofing of the roadway caused by the violent release of coal rock mass in the surrounding coal rock mass. In recent years, with the increasing intensity and depth of coal mining, it has become one of the major disasters that threaten the safe production of coal mines in China. Shanxi is an important coal producing area in China. It has a long history of coal mining and a large number of mines. The earliest impact pressure accident in Shanxi appeared in the Datong Jurassic mining area in the 1960s. Since 2004, with the increase of coal mining depth, the impact of impact ground pressure on coal mine safety production has become more prominent. Through the analysis of the classification and disturbance factors of coal mine rock pressure in Datong mining area in Shanxi and the analysis of prevention and control and early warning methods, it is found that the coal mine impact ground pressure accident in Datong mining area is mainly shallow impact ground pressure, rock mass with impact ground pressure Mainly coal body, roof and bottom plate, which are mainly composed of hard roof type and coal pillar type impact ground pressure; The natural disturbance factors of coal mine impact ground pressure are mainly the roof impact tendency and coal body impact tendency. In addition, the ground stress environment and mine geological structure are also two important factors affecting coal mine impact ground pressure. The concentrated load of coal pillars and unreasonable support methods are two important human disturbance factors for coal mine ground pressure accidents in Datong mining area. The Datong mining area should optimize mining and excavation methods to minimize and avoid the occurrence of impact ground pressure from the well and mining areas. In addition, attention should be paid to the study of the mechanism of ground stress and impact ground pressure. It is recommended to carry out a comprehensive “physical examination” and screening for the 400m deep mine impact tendency in Shanxi Province, and to predict and warn the occurrence of coal mine impact ground pressure from the region. |
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