| 胡朋,刘国平,江思宏,莫江平.全球稀土矿床的主要类型和成因研究进展[J].矿产勘查,2023,14(5):691-700 |
| 全球稀土矿床的主要类型和成因研究进展 |
| Main types and advances on ore genesis of REE deposits worldwide |
| 投稿时间：2022-11-16 修订日期：2022-12-10 |
| DOI：10.20008/j.kckc.202305002 |
| 中文关键词: 稀土矿床 矿床类型 矿床成因 全球 |
| 英文关键词: REE deposits ore deposit type ore genesis worldwide |
| 基金项目:本文受自然资源部中央地质勘查基金管理中心国外风险勘查专项综合研究类项目（201130D04900110）和中国地质调查局项目（DD20230564）联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 稀土元素因其在高新技术材料产业的独特应用被视为关键金属或战略性金属。稀土矿物和含稀土矿物种类多，但具备工业利用价值的仅有独居石、磷钇矿和氟碳铈矿等少数几种，呈离子态吸附在黏土矿物表面的稀土元素因相对富集重稀土而具备更高价值。根据稀土富集过程中的地质作用不同，可将稀土矿床分为内生矿床和外生矿床，而内生矿床又可细分为碳酸岩型、碱性火成岩型、热液脉型和其他类型，外生矿床又可进一步划分为砂矿型、风化壳型和离子吸附型。稀土矿床具有明显的成矿专属性，绝大部分稀土矿床与碳酸岩-碱性杂岩体或其风化壳密切相关。与碳酸岩有关的原生岩浆型矿床是地幔来源的碳酸岩浆在岩浆演化阶段的产物。外生的风化壳型稀土矿，其原岩风化过程中原生（含）稀土矿物的迁移活化和新的次生稀土矿物的形成是稀土富集的重要机制。离子吸附型稀土矿是在特定的地形地貌和气候条件下，花岗岩母岩中的稀土载体矿物解离、淋滤并和黏土矿物相结合的产物。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Rare earth elements （REE） are regarded as critical metals or strategic metals because of their unique application in the high-tech materials industry. Although there are many kinds of rare earth minerals and REE-bearing minerals， only a few minerals， such as monazite， xenotime， and bastnaesite， can be economically used in industry， while the REEs adsorbed on the surface of clay minerals in the ionic state are relatively enriched in heavy REE， and have a higher value. According to the different geological process during the REE enrichment， the REE deposits can be divided into endogenic and exogenic deposits， respectively. The endogenic REE deposits can be subdivided into carbonatite， alkaline igneous rock， hydrothermal vein， and other types， while exogenous deposits can be further divided into placer， regolith， and ionic adsorption types. REE deposits are characterized by obvious metallogenic specificity， with most of them being closely related to carbonatite-alkaline intrusive complex or their regolith. The Carbonatite-related REE deposits were considered as the products of the mantle-derived carbonate magma in the magmatic evolution stage. In the regolith REE deposits， the migration and reworking of original （or bearing） REE minerals and the formation of new secondary REE minerals are the important mechanisms for the REE enrichment. The ionic-adsorption type REE deposits are resulted from dissociating and leaching of REE minerals from the granites， and combining with clay minerals under specific topography and climatic conditions. |
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