文章摘要
于瑞,张伟波,张福良,赵东杰.主要发达国家关键矿产供应链保障战略措施简述[J].矿产勘查,2023,14(10):1788-1797
主要发达国家关键矿产供应链保障战略措施简述
Policy measures and revelations to strengthen critical mineral supply chain in developed countries
投稿时间:2023-05-30  修订日期:2023-08-06
DOI:10.20008/j.kckc.202310003
中文关键词: 发达国家  关键矿产  资源战略  供应安全
英文关键词: developed countries  critical mineral  resource strategy  supply security
基金项目:本文受中国地质调查局项目“战略性矿产资源政策与投资环境评价”(DD20211404)资助。
作者单位邮编
于瑞 中国地质调查局发展研究中心北京 100037 100037
张伟波 中国地质调查局发展研究中心北京 100037 100037
张福良* 中国地质调查局发展研究中心北京 100037 100037
赵东杰 中国地质调查局发展研究中心北京 100037 100037
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中文摘要:
      全球战略性新兴产业的蓬勃发展和能源绿色转型赋予关键矿产重要的战略意义,使其成为世界各国新一轮争夺的焦点。美国、欧盟、加拿大、澳大利亚、日本、韩国等发达经济体通过“定战略、列清单、强产业、建联盟、严审查”五方面的系列战略措施,加紧争夺关键矿产资源,保障本国供应安全。主要发达国家(地区)关键矿产供应链保障战略上升至国家整体安全的高度,关键矿产清单动态调整并趋于精细化,本国关键矿产相关产业支持政策措施体系已全面覆盖,涉及关键矿产项目投资和稳定供应的双边和多边联盟不断拓展,针对联盟外国家的关键矿产投资的外资审查制度不断完善。未来关键矿产国际竞争将会日益激烈。为此,应提高对关键矿产重要性的认识,从国家战略高度重视关键矿产供应链安全保障;筑牢国内关键矿产供应和产业基础,着力打造自主可控、安全可靠的产业链供应链;持续提升关键矿产国际合作深度,深化我国关键矿产全球供应链韧性。
英文摘要:
      The vigorous development of strategic emerging industries and the clean energy transformation have given more importance to critical mineral resources, which have become the new focus of competition among countries around the world. Developed economies such as the United States of America, the European Union, Canada, Australia, Japan and Korea, have adopted the five aspects of policies and measures of "setting strategy, making list, strengthening industry, building alliance and scrutinizing investments " to compete for critical minerals and ensure the security of critical mineral supply chain. The supply chain security of critical minerals has become significant components of national strategies that are related to national security in major developed economies. The critical minerals lists have been dynamically adjusted. The policies and measures supporting critical minerals industries have become a comprehensive system in major developed countries or regions. The bilateral and multilateral alliances for international investment and stable supply of critical minerals have been expanded. The scrutinies for foreign investments outside the alliances have become increasingly stringent. For at least the foreseeable future, the international competition for critical minerals will become increasingly fierce. In this regard, the awareness about the significance of critical minerals should be raised and the security of critical mineral supply chain should be included in the national strategy. A firm domestic industrial foundation is necessary to create a controllable, safe and reliable critical mineral supply chain. International cooperation on critical minerals supply chain should be expanded and deepened continuously to enhance the resilience of the critical mineral supply chain.
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