| 李国琦,伍冰洁,顾展飞,潘世鹏.基于 QCA分析的黄土沟壑区水土流失多因素组态影响研究[J].矿产勘查,2026,17(5):901-911 |
| 基于 QCA分析的黄土沟壑区水土流失多因素组态影响研究 |
| Research on the multi-factor configurational influence mechanism of soil and water loss in the loess gully region based on QCA analysis |
| 投稿时间：2025-12-06 |
| DOI：10.20008/j.kckc.202605013 |
| 中文关键词: 水土流失 模糊集定性比较分析(QCA) 黄土沟壑区 工程扰动 坡耕地利用 |
| 英文关键词: soil and water loss fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis(QCA) loess gully region engineer-ing disturbance sloping farmland utilization |
| 基金项目:本文受河南省豫地科技集团有限公司科技攻关项目(JTZDKY2025005)资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 黄河流域上中游黄土沟壑区是中国水土流失最为严重的典型区域之一，其侵蚀过程受自然条件与人类活动长期交互作用影响，呈现出多因素耦合、非线性响应和多路径并存等复杂特征。为揭示高水土流失形成的多因素组态机制，本文以 2010—2023年黄土沟壑区 30个区县为研究对象，构建水土流失强度指数，采用模糊集定性比较分析(QCA)方法，系统考察降雨强度、地形坡度、土壤可蚀性、植被覆盖度、工程扰动强度和农作物种植强度等因素对高水土流失发生的联合影响机制。结果表明:(1)单一前因条件均未构成高水土流失发生的必要条件，表明侵蚀形成具有显著的多因素协同特征；(2)共识别出 4条高水土流失形成路径和 3条非高水土流失路径，体现出明显的“同果异因”特征及因果非对称性，其中“陡坡—高土壤可蚀性—强工程扰动—高种植强度—低降雨”路径表明，在自然敏感背景下，人类活动扰动可替代强降雨成为高侵蚀的重要驱动因素；(3)通过调整一致性阈值和频数阈值开展稳健性检验，组态解集在结构和逻辑上保持一致，验证了研究结论的稳健性；(4)黄土沟壑区水土流失防治应避免单一措施导向，需构建以坡面稳定为基础、工程扰动防控为重点、植被恢复为支撑、农业种植结构优化为补充的系统治理模式。该研究可为实现黄土沟壑区水土流失精准治理提供科学理论依据与技术参考。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The loess gully region of the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River Basin is one of the mostseverely affected areas by soil erosion in China. Its erosion process, influenced by the long-term interaction of natu-ral conditions and human activities, exhibits complex characteristics such as multi-factor coupling, nonlinear re-sponses, and coexistence of multiple pathways. To reveal the multi-factor configurational mechanisms underlyinghigh soil erosion, this study takes 30 counties in the loess gully region from 2010 to 2023 as research subjects, con-structs a soil erosion intensity index, and employs the fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis method to system-atically investigate the joint impact mechanisms of rainfall intensity, terrain slope, soil erodibility, vegetation cover,engineering disturbance intensity, and crop planting intensity on the occurrence of high soil erosion. The findingsshow: (1) No single antecedent condition constitutes a necessary condition for high soil erosion, indicating that ero-sion formation exhibits significant multi-factor synergistic characteristics; (2) Four pathways for high soil erosionformation and three pathways for non-high soil erosion are identified, reflecting clear "equifinality" and causal asymmetry. Among these, the pathway "steep slope—high soil erodibility—strong engineering disturbance—high planting intensity—low rainfall" suggests that, under natural sensitivity, human-induced disturbances can replaceintense rainfall as a key driver of high erosion; (3) Robustness tests, conducted by adjusting consistency and fre-quency thresholds, confirm that the configuration solution sets remain consistent in structure and logic, validatingthe robustness of the conclusions; (4) The study argues that soil erosion control in the loess gully region should avoidsingle-measure approaches. Instead, it is necessary to establish a systematic governance model that prioritizes slopestability, focuses on controlling engineering disturbances, supports vegetation restoration, and complements agricul-tural planting structure optimization. From a configurational perspective, this study deepens the understanding ofthe formation mechanisms of soil erosion in the loess gully region and provides theoretical foundations and decision-making references for targeted soil conservation and differentiated management in the region. |
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