| 母彩霞,海连富,刘芳,马占龙,徐清海,梅超,柴德亮.中国陆相油页岩分布规律、主要特征及有机质富集机理研究进展[J].矿产勘查,2026,17(3):431-444 |
| 中国陆相油页岩分布规律、主要特征及有机质富集机理研究进展 |
| Progress on the distribution patterns, main characteristics, and organic matter enrichment mechanisms of continental oil shale in China |
| 投稿时间：2025-05-20 |
| DOI：10.20008/j.kckc.202603001 |
| 中文关键词: 有机质富集 古湖泊生产力 含油页岩盆地 分布规律 油页岩 中国 |
| 英文关键词: organic matter enrichment ancient lake productivity oil shale basin distribution pattern oil shale China |
| 基金项目:本文受宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2022BEG03061)、宁夏回族自治区全职引进高层次人才项目(2024BEH04018)、宁夏回族自治区自然科学基金项目(2021AAC05024)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 本文在大量文献调研基础上，从油页岩概念和分类入手，详细总结了中国陆相油页岩分布规律、典型含油页岩盆地主要特征，从有机质来源角度探讨了陆相油页岩的富集机理和主要进展。研究表明:全球油页岩分布极不均匀，中国油页岩主要分布在 27个省(自治区)、50个盆地共 95个矿区，其中松辽、鄂尔多斯和准噶尔盆地蕴含资源量最多，形成时代主要为中生代，其次为新生代。根据盆地形成的演化过程与板块构造运动的关系，将中国含油页岩盆地概括为 4类，不同的含油页岩盆地在有机质来源、有机质类型等方面具有明显的差异，其中离散型大陆裂谷盆地裂谷后热沉降拗陷阶段和板内型克拉通盆地易于形成特大型油页岩矿床。油页岩有机质主要来源于湖泊的自身生产和陆源生物碎屑两种，中国油页岩主要以湖相为主，有机质主要来源于藻类。不同类型油页岩有机质来源不同，其主要取决于有机质中藻类和陆源生物碎屑的比例。油页岩富集的有利条件是高湖泊生产力、微生物繁盛和藻类勃发及稳定的水体分层，缺氧的还原环境、较高的古盐度和适中的沉积速率是影响油页岩保存的重要因素。未来需要从多学科交叉的角度出发，探讨某一地质事件与油页岩形成的耦合关系，揭示油页岩与煤共伴生条件的转换机理，从而进一步推动中国油页岩成矿理论的完善和发展。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| This paper begins with the conceptual framework and classification of oil shale, systematically sum-marizes the distribution patterns of continental oil shale in China and the primary characteristics of typical oil shale-bearing basins, and explores the enrichment mechanisms of continental oil shale from the perspective of organicmatter sources. Studies have shown that global oil shale distribution shows extreme heterogeneity, with China's re-sources primarily distributed across 95 mining areas in 27 provinces (autonomous regions), 50 basins. The Songliao,Ordos, and Junggar Basins contain the largest resource potential, predominantly formed during the Mesozoic era fol-lowed by the Cenozoic. Based on the relationship between basin evolution and plate tectonic movements, China's oilshale-bearing basins can be categorized into four types. Significant differences exist among basin types regarding or-ganic matter sources and types, with post-rift thermal subsidence depression stages of divergent continental rift ba-sins and intraplate cratonic basins being particularly favorable for the formation of super-large oil shale deposits.Organic matter originates from two sources: lacustrine autochthonous production and terrestrial bioclastic debris.China's oil shale deposits are predominantly of lacustrine origin, with algae serving as the primary source of organicmatter. Variations in organic matter types are fundamentally determined by the relative proportions of algal biomassand terrestrial bioclastic components within the organic material. Favorable conditions for oil shale enrichment in-clude high lacustrine productivity, thriving microbial activity, algal blooms, and stable water column stratification.Critical factors influencing oil shale preservation encompass aNOxic reducing environments, elevated paleosalinity,and moderate sedimentation rates. Future research should adopt a multidisciplinary approach to explore the cou-pling relationship between specific geological events and oil shale formation, and to reveal the genetic mechanismsunderlying the coal-oil shale association. This will further advance the refinement and development of oil shale min-eralization theory in China. |
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