| 陈喜峰,唐金荣,施俊法,马彦云,马风华.拉丁美洲矿产分布特征、大地构造单元划分及找矿勘查方向[J].矿产勘查,2026,17(5):743-757 |
| 拉丁美洲矿产分布特征、大地构造单元划分及找矿勘查方向 |
| Distribution characteristics of mineral resources, division of tectonic units and prospecting direction in Latin America |
| 投稿时间：2026-01-14 |
| DOI：10.20008/j.kckc.202605001 |
| 中文关键词: 安第斯造山带 南美克拉通 斑岩型铜金矿 构造单元 拉丁美洲 |
| 英文关键词: Andean orogenic belt South American Craton porphyry copper-gold deposit tectonic units Latin America |
| 基金项目:本文受深地国家科技重大专项项目(2025ZD1007001)和中国地质调查局地调项目(DD202609101804)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 拉丁美洲成矿地质条件优越，对其进行大地构造演化和构造单元划分研究具有重要的理论意义，同时为找矿勘查提供依据。研究表明:主要矿产的空间分布规律与大地构造单元密切相关，BIF型铁矿、绿岩型金矿、红土型镍矿、红土型铝土矿主要分布于前寒武纪地盾中，斑岩型铜金多金属矿、浅成低温热液型金多金属矿和盐湖卤水型锂矿主要分布于墨西哥―安第斯造山带内。大地构造演化过程大致可划分为古陆核与大陆基底形成阶段(200 Ma前)、南美洲大陆主体形成阶段(200~65 Ma)和现今拉丁美洲格架形成与演化阶段(65 Ma至现代)3大阶段。该大陆可划分为 2个一级构造单元、11个二级构造单元、27个三级构造单元和 73个四级构造单元。前寒武纪地盾中的 BIF型铁矿、红土型镍矿、绿岩型金矿、红土型铝土矿和安第斯造山带的中—新生代浅成低温热液型金多金属矿、斑岩型铜金多金属矿、盐湖卤水型锂矿为今后找矿勘查的主攻方向。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Latin America experienced a complicated and long geological structure-magmatic activity evolution process which created superior metallogenic geological conditions. The research on geological structure evolutionand division of tectonic units of Latin America are of theoretical and exploration prospecting practical significance.The spatial distribution regularity of major mineral resources is the closely to the tectonic units. The BIF type irondeposits, greenstone type gold deposits, laterite type nickel deposits and laterite type bauxite deposits are mainlydistributed in the Guyana shield, Central Brazilian shield and San Francisco shield. The porphyry type copper-goldpolymetallic deposits, epithermal type gold polymetallic deposits and salt lake brine type lithium deposits aremainly distributed in Mexican-Andean orogenic belt. The Latin America has three tectonic evolution processstages: the formation stage of ancient continental nuclei and basement (before 200 Ma), the formation stage of SouthAmerican continent (200-65 Ma) and the formation and evolution stage of current Latin American continent (65 Mato modern). Latin America is a composite continent composed of cratons, blocks, basins and orogenic belts. TheMexican-Andean orogenic belt and South American Craton constitute the tectonic framework of Latin America. Thetectonic units of Latin America can be divided into 2 first-order tectonic units, 11 second-order tectonic units, 27third-order tectonic units and 73 fourth-order tectonic units. The BIF type iron deposits and greenstone type golddeposits in Precambrian shields and porphyry type copper-gold polymetallic deposits, epithermal type gold polyme-tallic deposits & salt lake brine type lithium deposits formed in Mesozoic-Cenozoic of Mexican-Andean orogenicbelt are the main directions for future exploration and prospecting in Latin American. |
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