| 肖萍,王度,佘红秀,钟宁.低温热年代学在矿床剥蚀速率定量研究中的应用与展望[J].矿产勘查,2026,17(5):836-851 |
| 低温热年代学在矿床剥蚀速率定量研究中的应用与展望 |
| Application and prospect of low-temperature thermochronology in quantitative study of denudation rates of ore deposits |
| 投稿时间：2026-04-30 |
| DOI：10.20008/j.kckc.202605008 |
| 中文关键词: 低温热年代学 裂变径迹 (U-Th)/He 矿床剥蚀速率 保存潜力评价 勘查转化 |
| 英文关键词: low-temperature thermochronology fission-track (U-Th)/He ore deposit exhumation rate preser.vation potential assessment exploration transformation |
| 基金项目:本文受国家自然科学基金面上基金(42177184)、中国地质科学研究院地质力学所科技成果转化项目(2613)和新疆工业学院“昆仑菁英计划”科研项目(2026XQYM088)联合资助。 |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 矿床剥蚀速率与保存条件的定量评价是衔接成矿理论与矿产勘查的关键环节。传统地质温压计和同位素定年手段难以提供连续的时间-温度-深度约束，制约了古剥蚀面的恢复精度和矿体就位深度的判别能力。近年来，低温热年代学的快速发展为这一问题的解决提供了新的技术路径。本文围绕低温热年代学在矿床剥蚀速率定量研究中的应用，“方法进展→解译模型→应用范式→前沿挑战”的框架展开系统综述:在技术层面，重点梳理裂变径迹与沿(U-Th)/He两大体系从依赖既定“封闭温度”作为单一热事件计时 |
| 英文摘要: |
| Quantitative assessment of exhumation rates and preservation conditions of ore deposits is a criticallink between metallogenic theory and mineral exploration. Traditional geothermobarometry and isotopic dating meth.ods are generally incapable of providing continuous time-temperature-depth constraints, which limits the accuracyof paleo-exhumation surface reconstruction and the ability to determine emplacement depths of orebodies. In recentyears, the rapid development of low-temperature thermochronology has offered a new technical approach to addressthis issue. This paper presents a systematic review of the application of low-temperature thermochronology to thequantitative study of ore deposit exhumation rates, following the framework of "methodological advances → interpre.tive models → application paradigms → frontier challenges". At the technical level, we focus on the evolutionarytrajectory of the fission-track and (U-Th)/He systems, which have shifted from relying on a prescribed "closure tem.perature" as a single-event chronometer toward coupled nonlinear thermal-history models that incorporate "radia.tion damage accumulation" and "kinetic annealing" synergies. The fission-track system has progressed fromapparent-age interpretation to forward modeling of thermal histories constrained by confined track-length distribu.tions, whereas the (U-Th)/He system has advanced from spherical diffusion models to thermokinetic simulationsthat account for radiation damage trapping effects and parent-nuclide zoning. This integration has reshaped theparadigm for quantitatively inverting continuous thermal trajectories within the partial annealing zone and the par.tial retention zone. On this basis, we summarize integrated strategies including multi-mineral joint profiles, MonteCarlo inversions, and coordinated spatial sampling designs. At the application level, we extract three core geologicalvariables that govern method selection—ore deposit age, tectonic activity, and intensity of post-mineralization ther. mal events—and establish a three-tier preservation classification based on the ratio of exhumation amount to ore-forming depth: Class I (well preserved; exhumation <50% of ore-forming depth), Class II (partially preserved; exhu.mation 50%-100%), and Class III (severely eroded; exhumation >100%). Four exploration transformation pathwaysare proposed: exhumation-constrained preservation zoning, cooling-rate-based discrimination of orebody emplace.ment, preservation-window identification, and joint thermochronology-geophysical constraints. Among these,exhumation-constrained preservation zoning has the highest technical maturity and has been successfully appliedin regions such as the Jiaodong gold district, reducing exhumation-estimate errors from kilometer-scale tohectometer-scale. Current challenges include non-uniqueness in thermal-history inversions, difficulties in separat.ing multiple driving factors, and the transition from case studies to large-data integration. Future developments— such as in-situ microanalysis, expansion of ultra-low-temperature thermochronology, and the integration of ma.chine learning with big data—will shift the field from retrospective interpretation of known deposits toward prospec.tive prediction of exploration potential in unknown areas. |
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